How to Bill Hourly: Complete Freelancer's Guide
Hourly billing can be incredibly profitable when done right. Here's everything you need to know about billing by the hour as a freelancer or contractor.
Why Bill Hourly?
Advantages
- Fair compensation for scope changes
- Transparent pricing builds client trust
- Flexible for uncertain project scope
- Protects you from underestimating work
Disadvantages
- Income ceiling based on available hours
- Requires time tracking discipline
- Client concerns about efficiency
- Less predictable revenue
Setting Your Hourly Rate
Calculate Your Minimum Rate
```
Annual expenses + Desired profit
───────────────────────────────── = Minimum hourly rate
Billable hours per year
```
Example:
- Annual expenses: £30,000
- Desired profit: £20,000
- Billable hours: 1,200/year (25 hours/week × 48 weeks)
- Minimum rate: £41.67/hour
Market Research
- Check industry standards
- Survey competitors
- Consider experience level
- Factor in specialization
Rate Strategies
Single Rate: One rate for all work (simplest)
Tiered Rates:
- Standard work: £50/hour
- Rush work: £75/hour
- Weekend/evening: £100/hour
Project-Based Adjustment: Adjust hourly rate based on project complexity
Time Tracking Best Practices
What to Track
✅ All client work
✅ Calls and meetings
✅ Email correspondence (if substantive)
✅ Research for the project
✅ Revisions and corrections
❌ General admin unrelated to client
❌ Your own breaks
❌ Learning new skills (unless agreed)
Tracking Methods
Manual Entry:
Record start/stop times manually
- Pros: Simple, no software needed
- Cons: Easy to forget
Time Tracking Apps:
Automated tracking with timers
- Pros: Accurate, detailed reports
- Cons: Learning curve, potential cost
Rounding Rules:
Choose increments and stick to them:
- 6 minutes (0.1 hour)
- 15 minutes (0.25 hour)
- 30 minutes (0.5 hour)
Daily Tracking Workflow
Morning:
- Review planned tasks
- Start timesheet
- Note first task start time
Throughout Day:
- Track each task immediately after completion
- Include specific descriptions
- Mark billable vs non-billable
End of Day:
- Review all entries
- Fill any gaps
- Calculate daily total
- Backup data
Creating Time-Based Invoices
Invoice Structure
Header Section:
- Invoice number
- Date issued
- Payment due date
- Client details
Time Summary:
- Total hours worked
- Hourly rate
- Period covered
- Subtotal
Detailed Breakdown (optional but recommended):
Include timesheet showing:
- Dates worked
- Tasks completed
- Hours per task
- Running total
Presentation Options
Summary Invoice:
"Consulting Services: 40 hours @ £50/hour = £2,000"
- Clean and simple
- Good for established clients
- Less detailed
Detailed Invoice:
Attach full timesheet showing daily breakdown
- Complete transparency
- Justifies hours
- Prevents disputes
Billing Frequency
Weekly:
Good for short-term contracts, maintains steady cash flow
Bi-weekly:
Balance between admin burden and cash flow
Monthly:
Professional standard for most contracts
Project milestones:
Bill after completing specific phases
Communicating with Clients
Setting Expectations Upfront
Contract Must Include:
- Your hourly rate
- Billing frequency
- Time tracking method
- Rounding policy
- What's billable vs non-billable
- Overtime rates (if applicable)
- Invoice payment terms
Sample Contract Language
"Services will be billed at £50 per hour, rounded to the nearest 15 minutes. Invoices will be submitted bi-weekly covering the previous two weeks' work. Payment is due within 14 days of invoice date. Detailed timesheets will be provided with each invoice."
Handling Client Concerns
"How do I know you're working efficiently?"
- Provide detailed timesheets
- Show consistent productivity
- Offer references
- Consider project cap if needed
"Can we set a maximum?"
- Yes, use "not to exceed" caps
- Alert at 75% of cap
- Discuss scope changes early
"Your rate seems high"
- Explain your expertise
- Show ROI/value delivered
- Offer project-based alternative
- Stand firm on your value
Managing Profitability
Track Everything
Monitor these metrics:
- Billable percentage: Target 60-75%
- Average hourly earnings: Track trends
- Client profitability: Which clients pay best
- Task efficiency: Time per task type
Improve Billable Percentage
Reduce non-billable time:
- Streamline admin
- Automate invoicing
- Batch similar tasks
- Set boundaries
Increase billable hours:
- Expand service offerings
- Upsell existing clients
- Improve marketing
- Raise rates regularly
When to Raise Rates
- Annually (at minimum)
- When fully booked
- After gaining new skills
- For new clients only (initially)
- When costs increase
Common Hourly Billing Mistakes
❌ Not tracking time consistently
Lost hours = lost income
❌ Underestimating non-billable time
Admin, marketing, accounting all take time
❌ Being vague about scope
"Small changes" add up quickly
❌ Not reviewing timesheets
Errors compound over time
❌ Apologizing for hours worked
You earned that time—bill it
❌ Not having contracts
Always get hourly arrangements in writing
Alternative Billing Models
Hybrid Approach
Base retainer + hourly for overages
- Predictable base income
- Fair compensation for extra work
Value-Based Pricing
Charge based on value delivered, not time
- Higher earning potential
- No time tracking needed
- Requires confident pricing
When to Switch
Consider moving away from hourly when:
- You're very efficient (penalized for speed)
- Clients question time frequently
- You want predictable income
- You can price based on outcomes
Tools for Hourly Billing
Essential
- Timesheet template or timesheet builder
- Invoice generator with hourly capabilities
- Contract template
- Calendar for tracking
Professional Upgrade
- Time tracking software with timers
- Automated invoicing
- Client portal
- Reporting and analytics
Record Keeping
What to Save
- All timesheets (7+ years)
- All invoices sent
- Payment records
- Client contracts
- Project correspondence
Organization
- Separate folder per client
- Date-based filing
- Digital + physical backup
- Cloud storage for security
Start Billing Professionally
Track your time and create professional invoices:
- Timesheet Builder - Track billable hours
- Invoice Generator - Create time-based invoices
Disclaimer: This guide provides general business advice and does not constitute financial, legal, or accounting advice. Consult professionals for specific guidance.